11. While you learn a little bit about many subjects，make sure you learn a great deal about one or two.——On the one hand，you should have a wide scope of knowledge；on the other hand，you should learn one or two subjects thoroughly.

　　while：表示对比

　　make sure：to do sth. in order to be sure that sth. else happens

　　eg：We'll do our best to make sure that everything is ready before the sportsmeet.

　　12.It hardly matters what the subject is，as long as it deeply interest you，and you place it in its broader human context.

　　It hardly matters what：句型“it +否定词 + matter（s） + wh-”eg：

　　It doesn't matter how you do it as long as you finish it on time.你如何做并不重要，但只要按时完成。

　　as long as：so long as：（表示条件）只要

　　You will succeed as long as you work hard.

　　context：上下文；背景

　　We will be able to understand why this event happened if we see it in its historical context.

　　如果我们能够从该事件的历史背景来考虑，就能理解事件为何发生。

　　13.But don't get trapped by the first subject that interest you，or the first thing you find yourself good at.——But you shouldn't limit your study to anything that attracts you immediately or anything you first find yourself good at.

　　不要把自己的学习限制在更初吸你的范围或者你更初擅长的范围。

　　Be/get trapped：to be in a bad situation someone from escaping from dangerous place陷于，被困于

　　More than 50 miners got trapped in the pit following yesterday's explosion.

　　50多名矿工在昨天的爆炸发生后被困在矿井中。

　　get trapped：（fig.）to get so deeply involved that one finds it hard to be interested in anything else

　　They got trapped when they were doing the experiment

　　14. The answers can be a gateway to real insights.

　　a gateway to——通向——途径；获得——手段

　　A good education can be a gateway to success.良好的教育是获得成功的手段。

　　The Suez Canal is a gateway to Europe from East Asia.苏伊士运河是从亚洲通向欧洲的通道。

　　15. And don't confine your learning to schoolwork.不要把自己局限于课堂

　　confine …。to把——限制在——之内

　　They managed to confine Sars to a definite area.他们设法将“非典”控制在一定的范围。

　　16. It's much braver to ask questions even when there's a prospect of ridicule than to suppress your questions and become deadened to the world around you.

　　明知会引起嘲笑而提问要比把问题埋在心里、对周围的一切变得麻木不仁要勇敢得多。

　　prospect ：something that you expect or know is going to happen预料会发生的事

　　He doesn't like the prospect of having to live alone.他将不得不独居，这事他可不喜欢

　　become deadened to sth.对——变得麻木

　　He has become deadened to failures，for he has experienced so many.

　　Deaden sb. to sth.使——对——麻木

　　17. Many conversations are a kind of competition that rarely leads to discovery on either side.——Often，when people talk they show off：they try to show they are smarter，or that they know more than the person they are talking to；this kind of conversation gives you nu useful information or understanding.

　　经常，人们谈话时总是争相表现自己，这类谈话对双方都无多大益处。

　　Lead to：to result in；to bring about通向；导致

　　All roads lead to Rome.

　　Hard work can lead to success.

　　18.try to understand………what you can learn from or about them

　　——try to learn something from what they say，or try to find out the kind of person they are.

　　而是设法搞懂他们说的是什么，什么样的经历才能使他们说这些话，你从这些话中能学到什么，你对说这些话的人又能了解到什么情况等。

　　19.The only embarrassment is in not learning from your mistakes.

　　Be in：lie in/exist in 在于；存在于

　　The cause of the accident was（lay/existed） in the drinking of the driver.事故的原因在于驾驶员喝酒了

　　20……often for some short-term advantage when the long term implications are unknown.——often for some quick profit now，when you don't know possible harm or danger might arise in the future.

　　我们往往为了短期的利益，在尚不了解（这些做法）长远影响的情况下——

　　The citizens of any country should have at least something to say about the direction in which we are doing.——All people in the world have the right at least to express their views on the future of our planet.

　　任何一个国家的公民至少对我们人类要走向何处有发言权。

　　Have sth. to say：have a say，have a right to make a decision about sth.