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江苏自学考试精读(下)教材大纲

2006年11月27日    来源:   字体:   打印
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28233 精读(下)

江苏教育学院编

  一、要求

  《精读》是英语教育专业本科实践课的一门主要课程,主要学习语音、词汇、修辞手段等语言知识,进行听、说、读、写、译等语言能力的综合训练,全面提高英语水平,增强语言的综合运用能力,提高英语教学能力。

  二、考试内容

  本课程使用高等学校英语专业用书《大学英语教程》(College English)第四册,第五册和第六册。考试分两次进行。第一次考第四册的内容,第二次考第五册和第六册的部分内容。具体内容如下:

  第五册

  第二课  Four Choices for Young People

  1.课文大意

  2.课文结构与段落分布

  3.词汇

  (1)词形变换

  responsible (adj.→n.) irrationality (n.→adj.),

  parasite (n.→adj.),dignify (v.→n.),

  intolerable (adj.→n.),symbol (n.→adj.,v.),

  charismatic (adj.→n.), satisfy (v.→adj., n.),

  inhabitable (adj.→v.,n.);

  写出misgiving,endure,scorn,tension, appeal,

  inviting, vehement, outrage, noisome,

  formidable, dwindle的同义词。

  4.单词、词组及短语

  presumably, expedient, hallucinogen,

  unsullied, bucolic, dashing, barricades,

  disillusionment, stuffy, accomplish, glamour,

  remedy, pastoral, disturbing, clutter,

  insuperable, pragmartically, sewage disposal,

  sanitary engineering, all too likely, loom ahead,

  cancerour rate, virtually insoluble, dogged efforts,

  take responsibility, batten on, come off, dawn on,

  have no patience with, keep on, cleanse of,

  in short suply, cope with, in……guises, run out of.

  5.句子释义:

  (1)Drop Out

  (2)But for the poor in spirit, with low levels of energy and pride, it may be the least intolerable choice available.

  (3)Our planet, unfortunately, is running out of noble savages and unsullied landscapes; except for the polar regions, the frontiers are gone.

  (4)This strategy also has ancient antecedents.

  6.句子翻译:

  (1)这些寄生虫靠人民的血汗养肥了自己。(batten on)

  (2)他们曾阴谋杀害总统,但是没有成功。(come off)

  (3)一走进这个房间就会产生一种温暖舒适的感觉。(strike sb as)

  (4)突然我们领悟到因为地球人口的大爆炸而使得这些问题看来几乎是无法解决的。(dawn on)

  7.课文中的修辞手段:

  metaphor, simile, oxymoron, rhetorical question, litotes

  第四课  A Most Forgiving Ape (Part One)

  1.作者简介

  2.课文大意

  3.课文结构及段落分布

  4.词汇

  (1)词形变换

  spectacle (n→adj),    theatricality (n.→adj.),

  elusive (adj.→v.),    savagery (n.→adj.),

  secure (adj.→n.),     belligerence (n.→adj.),

  ascent, deficicent的反义词,incredible, butcher,

  battered的同义词。

  (2)单词及词组释义:

  a bank of, be dotted with, count on,

  soporific heat, temperate, exert……upon,

  ancestral past, intrepid, initiative, get at, formidable

  anthropoid, beguiling, wrench……off,

  lair, sanctuary, after a fashion, gallantry,

  indefatigable, reprisal, sedentary habits,

  in extremity, verify, as a general rule,

  in point of fact, attune to, not……any more than

  4.句子释义:

  (1)……the scene breaks out before you with the theatricality of a curtain lifted from a stage

  (2)He is the stereotyped monster of the horror films and the adventure books,……

  (3)……is no more than shadow boxing as a general rule,……

  (4)……by any sort of indulgence,……

  (5)……as though they were moved by some sixth sense which attuned them to their quarry's instincts,……

  5.句子翻译:

  (1)他一直在施加种种压力要我改变主意。(exert……upon……)

  (2)我勉强会弹一点钢琴。(after a fashion)

  (3)无论天气如何,我们今年都可能指望获得高产稳产。(count on)

  (4)他看上去一点也不老,其实他已年过七十。(in point of fact)

  (5)他努力使自己能够适应中国的生活方式。(attune to)

  6.课文中的修辞手段:

  metaphor, personification, simile

  第五课  A Most Forgiving Ape(Part Two)

  1.课文大意

  2.课文结构及段落分布

  3.词汇

  (1)词形变换

  paralysis (n,→v.),   stiff(adj.→v.),

  groggily (adv.→adj),   pleasure的反义词,

  bizarre, squat的同义词。

  (2)单词及词组

  perpendicular, reduce to, at intervals,

  come up with, border on, for one instant,

  fall into line, palpable, scramble on,

  to the point of, craggy, at all events,

  give evnt fo, intrinsically hostile, cast about,

  adjure, tangled, bolt, reduce to, no

  question of, at any rate, get nowhere, come up with.

  4.句子释义:

  (1)……but already I was getting beyond caring.

  (2)A vast clound……was tearing off the crest of Muhavura.

  (3)But then fatigue created a kind of mental anoesthetic.

  (4)It was bizarre to the point of nightmare.

  (5)He lifted his head and gave vent to another of those outlandish and terrifying barking-screams.

  5.句子翻译:

  (1)囚徒企业寻找一个逃跑的办法。(cast about)

  (2)我们不可能爬上这么陡峭的山峰。(no question of)

  (3)无论如何,你这样做都不会有任何损失。(at all events)

  (4)他在一篇激烈的演讲中道出了自己愤怒的心情。(give vent to)

  (5)他总能为他的迟到想出个理由。(come up with)

  6.课文的修辞手法

  simile, metaphor, transferred epithet,

  synecdoche, rhetorical question

  第九课  The Trouble With Television

  1.课文大意

  2.课文结构及段落分布

  3.词汇

  (1)词形变换

  miracle (n.→adj.), statistical (adj.→n.)

  absorbable (adj.→v.), coherence (n.→adj.)

  precision (n.→adj.adv.), diversion (n.→v., adj.)

  humanity (n.→adj.), commercial (adj.→n.)

  (2)单词及词组、短语

  anchorman, adverse, usurp, divert, perpetual, novelty, pervade, instant gratification, short attention span, kaleidoscopic exposure, machine gunning with scraps, casual assumption, inalienable human right, trivial fare, be dimly perceived, “functionally illiterate” be exposed to, on the order of, appeal to, surrender to, get to, fall short of, appeal to, surrender to, get to, fall short of, be force-fed with, do no harm to, run short

  4.句子释义:

  (1)Television's variety becomes a narcotic, not a stimulus.

  (2)……typically, the spans allotted are on the order of minutes or seconds, and the chosen delights are more often car crasher……

  (3)Capturing your attcntion-and holding it-is the prime motive of most tcevision programming and enhances its role as a profitable advertising vehicle.

  (4)……that verbal precision is an anachronism.

  (5)Yet its dominating communications instrument, its principal form of national linkage, is one that sells, neat resolutions to human problems that usually have no neat resolutions.

  5.句子翻译

  (1)为了迎合观众注意力跨度短的问题,电视台制作了很多能不断提供视觉刺激的新奇的充满动作的娱乐片。(appeal to)

  (2)那部电影未能达到人们所期望的标准。(fall short of)

  (3)他的收入大约是每月500元。(on the order)

  (4)我的时间已所剩无几,但还有不少事情要做。(run short)

  (5)啤酒使她有了醉意。(get to)

  6.课文中的修辞手段:

  metaphor, alliteration, simile, metonymy, repetition, allusion

  第十课  On Getting Off to Sleep

  1.课文大意

  2.课文结构与段落分布

  3.词汇

  (1)词形转换

  vex(v,→n.), reproach (v.→adv.)

  malice (n.→adj.) sympathy (n.→adj.)

  compare (v.→adj.)

  metal(n.→adj.)

  (2)单词与词组

  pell-mell, tangible, oblivion, coy mistress, remonstrate, be deft, sycophantic, callous, bovine, limbo, soperific, corporal, torment, of no avail, cerulean, phantom, a dose of laudanum, take to heart, stupendous, serve one's turn, device

  4.句子释义:

  (1)……humour is the saving grace of us……

  (2)……when it is time to close the five ports of knowledge,……

  (3)……“lest too light winning makes the prize light”

  (4)The artificial ways of inducing sleep are legion,……

  (5)……who proses it away from morning to night, and never gets beyond corporal and material verities!……

  (6)This very night I will dismiss such trivial phantasies as jumping sheep and crooked pictures, and evoke the phantom of a crushing, stupendous Bore.

  5. 句子翻译

  (1)书架上有一批杂乱的杂志和报纸。(pell-mell)

  (2)我只是跟你开了一个玩笑,你不顺利考试于认真。(take to heart)

  (3)请帮我把这一栏的数字加起来好吗?(cast)

  (4)他们试了对病人进行人工呼吸,但是毫无用处。(avail)

  (5)老师让我们自己选择拟定文章的标题。(devices)

  6.课文中的修辞手段

  smile, personification, metaphor, metonymy, hyperbole

  第十一课  Why I Write

  1.作者简介

  2.课文大意

  3.课文结构及段落分布

  4.词汇

  (1)词形转换

  plagiarism (n.→v.) patriot(n.→adj.)

  describe(v.→n.→adj.), fluctuate(v.→n.)

  tumultuous, ornate, meticulous的同义词

  (2)单词和词组、短语

  ghastly failure, in a sense, made-to-order, vers d'occasion, burlesque stuff, adolescent, filiter, discipline, temperament, humbug, wilful, aesthetic, typography, posterity, impulse, partisanship, reconcile……with, smother picturesque, demon, baby squall, efface, drudgery, a about of, the whole top crust of humanity, read sb a lecture, for all one knows, get one's own back for sth, have a facility with, get one's own back on sb for sth, snub

  5.句子释义:

  (1)……this created a sort of private world in which I could get my own back for my failure in everyday life.

  (2)It is his job,no doubt, to discipline his temperament and avoid getting stuck at some immature stage, or in some perverse mood.

  (3)……with the whole top crust of humanity.

  (4)……and store them up for the use of posterity.

  (5)The Spanish war……turned the scale.

  (6)By the time you have perfected any style of writing you have always outgrown it.

  6.句子翻译:

  (1)上半场我们了,下半场我们要使点劲,争取补偿比赛中的损失。(get one's own back for sth.)

  (2)我们应尽力使我们的行为举止和纪律要求保持一致。(reconcile)

  (3)因喝酒抽烟,他被父亲训斥了一番。(read sb.a lecture)

  (4)他有惊人的学习语言的能力。(have a facility with)

  (5)他把自己所想到的都写下来了。(set down)

  7.课文的修辞手段

  metaphor, synecdoche, simile

  第十二课  Work

  1.作者简介

  2.课文大意

  3.课文结构及段落分布

  4.词汇

  (1)词形变换

  persuade, construct, derive, destroy相应的名词,形容词和副词形式;并试写出construct, persuade的同义及反义词形式。

  (2)单词及词组释义

  irksome; impair; procure; delectable; stunts,

  hahazard,embody; contemplate

  for the most part; at large; in the long run;

  a matter of course; an excess of, at a loss;

  distinguish……from……;derive from.

  5.句子释义

  (1)To be able to fill leisure intelligently is the last product of civilization.

  (2)It is only where the best work is concerned that this measure ceases to be the natural one to apply.

  (3)The kinds of work in which there is some interest may be arranged in a hierarchy.

  (4)They are actuated, usually without their own knowledge, by hatred.

  6.句子翻译

  (1)通常他比别人反应得快。(for the most part)

  (2)对每位来访者的身分进行检查是理所当然的事。(a matter of couse)

  (3)从长远的观点看,市场经济更有利于我国的发展。(in the long run)

  (4)每年的这个时候进口总要超过出口。(an excess of)

  7.课文中的修辞手段

  hyperbole, sarcasm

  第十三课  I Would Like to Tell You Something

  1.课文背景

  2.课文大意

  3.课文结构及段落分布

  4.词汇

  (1)词形变换

  写出glamorize, dictate, exhaust, reminisce相应的名词、形容词及副词形式。

  (2)单词及词组释义

  prosecute, testimony; entrails, rancid, press blackout; addict;judiciary, abuse, in a fashion; sink in; stand up for; pay homage to; inflict on; escalate into; testify to

  5.句子释义

  (1)The investigation was not staged so that vetcrans could spill out their hearts or purge their souls……

  (2)But what this country doesn't know is that America has created a monster in the form of millions of fighting men……

  (3)The problem of the veteran doesn't just end with his anger.

  6.句子翻译

  (1)我认为他已经吸取了教训,今后不致再犯同样的错误。(sink in)

  (2)我军给敌人以沉重的打击,使之损失惨重。(inflict on)

  (3)把比赛的失败归咎于他是没有用的。(blame……on……)

  (4)脱产进修的教师学员是这所学校学生的主要部分。(part and parcel)

  (5)司机把车祸咎于骑自行车的人。(blame……for……)

  7.课文中的修辞手段

  metaphor; oxymoron; sarcasm,cuphemism

  parallelism,synecdoche, metonymy, pun,

  alliteration

  第十四课  Are All Generalizations False?

  1.作者简介

  2.课文大意

  3.课文结构及段落分析

  4.词汇

  (1)词形变换

  写出circulate, gencralize, harmonize及observe相应的名词、形容词和副词形式;并试写出harmonize的同义词及反义词

  (2)单词及词组释义

  crook; prom; justify; violate; outrun; fallcacy; platitude; indispensable; diapose of; take refuge in; in the dark; speculate on; be consistent with; insofar; be borne out by; be concerned with

  5.句子释义

  (1)The deadliness of this platitude may be forgiven because of its truth.

  (2)If we don't learn this eventually, we aren't permitted to circulate freely.

  (3)The scientist is careful not to make asertions which outrun his evidence and he refuses to outtalk his information.

  6.句子翻译

  (1)雨下得很急,阴沟无法立即将积水排除。(dispose of)

  (2)过量饮酒与抽烟和健康势不两立。(incompatible with)

  (3)他父母把他教训了一番。虽有不同意见,他只能保持沉默。(take refuge)

  (4)一切事件都已证明并将继续证明这一估计的正确性。(be borne out)

  (5)我们侦察兵干掉了敌人一个哨兵。(dispose of)

  第十五课  The Beauty Industry

  1.作者简介

  2.课文大意

  3.课文结构及段落分布

  4.词汇

  (1)词形变换

  写出symptom,virtue, ravishing, boredom相应的动词,形容词,名词或副词形式;并试写出virtue与boredom的同义词与反义词。

  (2)单词及词组释义

  racketeer;hitherto;slump;benefit;tenant;downright;revenue; incentive; beyond one's means; be preoccupied with; due to; act on/upon;in the way of

  5.句子释义

  (1)……and a face can cost as much in upkeep as a Rolls-Royce.

  (2)……the more costly experiments in beautification are still beyond most European means as are …… motor-cars and electric refrigerators.

  (3)……books on the culture of the abdomen

  6.句子翻译:

  (1)他一心只想着完成那个工程的设计,对周围的一切都无心顾及了。(preoccupied with)

  (2)在一定程度上我同意你的意见。(up to a point)

  (3)他说的办法对人民有好处,我们就照他的办。(act upon)

  (4)那个故事我是很久之前听到的。(long since)

  7.课文中的修辞手段

  euphemism, repetition, metaphor, synecdoche

  第六册

  第一课  What's Wrong with Our Press

  1.作者简介

  2.课文大意

  3.课文结构与段落分布

  4.词汇

  (1)词形变换

  abvantage, credulity, peeve的形容词

  precede, survey, partisan, diversify, incline的名词

  (2)单词与词组

  have an advantage over(1), the other way around(1), be inclined to (4), guinea pigs (4), be leery of (4), margin of credulity (4), recital of ticker tape (5), default on (5) get……over wit(6),rabid  bias (6), pungent (6) take precedence over (7), by and large (7), knock down (8), diversify (8),  snippets (8), issue (8), virulence (10), peeve (10), cater to (10), muscle of digestion (12), be true of (13),franchise (14), on the beat (15), the warp and woof of (15) abdication(15), deriliction (15)

  5.句子释义

  page 9. II.3) 4) 5) 7) 10)

  6.句子翻译

  (1)许多教语言的老师常常是课堂上自己讲得太多。(incline)

  (2)我对他所提的建议持谨慎而怀疑的态度。(leery)

  (3)交通方面,救护车和救火车比其他车辆占优先地位。(precedence)

  (4)我们有过一些曲折,但总的来说,改革是成功的。(large)

  (5)广播和电视应满足公众多种不同的兴趣和需要。(cater)

  7.课文中的修辞手段

  sarcasm, alliteration, rhetorical question, synecdoche assonance

  第二课  What to Listen for in Music?

  1.作者简介

  2.课文大意

  3.课文结构与段落分布

  4.词汇

  (1)词形变换

  sensuous, constitute, controversial, subtle的名词consolation的动词。

  serenity, analogy, criticize, harmony的形容词

  (2)单词与词组

  so to speak(1), on the plane of……(1), sensuous(1), be engendered by (2), deride (3), apropos of (4), be commensurate with (6) an integral part of ……(6), shy away from (7), intransigent (7), in so many words (8), pin……to……(10), pin down……(1), pin……(on)……(11) put one's finger on 911), boil……down to……(14),  be engrossed with (17)。

  5.句子释义

  pege 21 Ex II.3) 4) 5) 7) 8)

  6.句子翻译

  (1)说到今晚的会议,你有些什么建议?(apropos)

  (2)一个人所得的报酬应与他所做的工作相称。(commensurate)

  (3)他没有确切地这么说,但他的意思就是这样的。(so many words)

  (4)那盒磁带一定在房里间什么地方,不过我得花几分钟找一找。(finger)

  (5)整个讨论归结起来就是一名态度生硬 ,政府应当改善教师的待遇。(boil down)

  7.课文中的修辞手段

  synecdoche, analogy, paradox, metaphor

  第四课  The Tragedy of Old Age in America

  1.作者简介

  2.课文大意

  3.课文结构与段落分布

  4.词汇

  (1)词形变换

  exist的名词与形容词,inflation, fraud, reassue, expect的形容词。

  (2)单词与词组

  be compelled into (1), come to terms with (1), barricade oneself from (2), Medicare (2), lull……into (2), descrepant points of view (4), sterotypes (4), be contingent upon (4), make way for(5), existential (6), excruciatingly painful (6), go hand in hand(7),catastrophe (7) Medicaid (11),  dump……into……(11) funnel……into……(11), fraudulent advertising (12), social prerogative(13), sociocconomic disadvantages (14), be eligible for (14), take a toll of (15)

  5.句子释义

  P.38 Ex II. 2) 3) 5) 7) 10)

  6.句子翻译

  (1)他母亲无法忍受他父亲去世的痛苦,半年后也过世了。(terms)

  (2)他们停止向敌人发起任何攻击,使之产生一种虚假的安全感,以使一举而歼之。(lull)

  (3)所有行人与车辆都得给救火车让路。(make way)

  (4)暴风雨使城里的许多房屋受到严重损害。(toll)

  7.课文中的修辞手段

  metaphor

  第七课  Sciense Has Spoiled My Supper

  1.作者简介

  2.课文大意

  3.课文结构与段落分布

  4.词汇

  (1)词形变换

  fussy, bland, individual, satiate, confess, mediocre, conform, standardize, similar的名词。

  (2)单词与词组

  take to (1), alleged (2), gruesome (2), gruesome (2), be fussy about (4), bland (6), be put off (6),zillions of (6), tamper with (12), go crazy over (14), stave off (15), gastronome (16), ecstasy (16), satiate (160, a casade of viands 917), the beck and call of (18), infernal genius (19),flasco (19), polish off (19), ring down the curtain on……(20), measure up……to (20),suckle oneself on mediocrity (22), faceless mob of mediocrities (23)

  5.名子释义

  Page 68. 1) 3) 6) 7) 10)

  6.句子翻译

  (1)他的风度如此吸引人,我一下子就喜欢上了他。(take)

  (2)妻子去世后,他感到无法摆脱精神上的痛苦和孤独,便养成了喝酒的习惯。(take)

  (3)他的粗暴举止使许多人感到气愤。(put)

  (4)他们要花很长的时间才能找到一个在能力和资历方面都能和他匹敌的人。(measure)

  (5)他的退休结束了他作为杰出政治家的生涯。(curttain)

  7.课文中的修辞手段

  personificatin, synecdoche, analogy, sarcasm, rhetorical question, hyperbole, alliteration

  第十课  On Human Nature and Politics

  1.作者简介

  2.课文大意

  3.课文结构与段落分布

  4.词汇

  (1)词形变换

  psychoanalyse, rival, impoversish,condemn的名词,satiety的动词,strain,belicosity, prevent的形容词

  (2)单词与词组

  live sparingly on……(1), acquisitiveness (1), have, possess the title to……(2), befriend sb (3), elude(3), come to grief (4), impoverishment (4), buffoonery (5), repent of sth (5), give absolution to sb (5), potentate (5), Nothing short of (6), omnipotence (6), be out of proportion to ……(6), inflict pain on…… (6), be actuated by (6), decry (6), pernicious (5), rudiments (7), effect contact with (8), orgiastically (9), temperament (9),populace (10), be adapted to……(11), nook and cranny of (11), reflect on (11) sedentary (12),cheer……to the echo (12), bellicosity (12), belligerence (12)

  5.句子释义

  page 145. 1) 2) 3) 4) 7) 9)

  6.句子翻译

  (1)你无权将任何东西带出此房间。(little)

  (2)会议期间,他和许多来自其他省的代表交上了朋友。(befriend)

  (3)两个组成部分激战不休,必然给这个国家带来灾难。(grief)

  (4)人的一生应当这样度过:当他回忆往事的时候,没有什么要懊悔。(repent)

  (5)我仔细地考虑他对我讲的话,以便作出恰当的反应。(reflect)

  7.课文中的修辞手段

  synecdoche, oxymoron, repetition for emphasis, parallelism,metonymy, hyperbole

  第十四课  Selected Snobberies

  1.作者简介

  2.课文大意

  3.课文结构与段落分布

  4.词汇

  (1)词形变换

  snob, consume, problem, picture, pride的形容词,permit,ignore的名词及形容词modern, stupid的名词

  (2)单词与词组

  feel(/be) snobish about(1), be a snob about (1), have snobbery about(1), disfiguring and mortal disease (1), consumptive fading (1), complacent poeticixing (1), malady (1), tempered (1), be tavish in (1), solicitude (2), take pride of place (2), malefic influence (2), judicious connoisseurship of sth (2), brutish solecism (2), make headway (2), to the tune of (3), a flood of ath (3), be comatose (6), lion-hunting (6), out of hand (7), pay tribute to (7), culminate

  5.句子释义

  Page 154 1) 2) 4) 5) 8) 10)

  6.句子翻译

  (1)每当有人生病或有困难的时候,他总是慷慨地给予关心和同情。(lavish)

  (2)桌上放满了美味佳肴,而独尊其位者当推松鼠鲑鱼。(squirral mandarin fish),(pride, place)

  (3)他对各种各样的艺术作品都颇具鉴赏能力。(connoisseurship)

  (4)由于受到种种干扰,他写的论文没有多大进展。(headway)

  (5)当有人给他敬烟的时候,他当即给予谢绝。(hand)

  7.课文中的修辞手段

  metaphor, repetition, sarcasm, analogy, simile, metonymy, euphemism

  三、说明

  1.第五六册共31篇课文,本大纲涉及第五册10篇,第六册6篇。

  2.大纲中每一课第4部分中第(2)项,单词与词组中,每个词或词组后括号内的阿拉伯数字为该词或词组在课文中的段落。

  四、选用教材意见

  《大学英语教程》(College English)第五册    王家湘、刘新民编著  外语教学与研究出版社出版(1987册)

  《大学英语教程》(College English)第六册    张中载、张毓霖等编著  外语教学与研究出版社出版(1987年)

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