（五）作者态度题

　　该类题型是阅读理解部分更难的地方，要求考生根据文章领会作者的态度和情绪。这类题要求考生从文章中作者论述问题的方法、行文的语气和措辞中来把握作者对人与事的好恶，了解作者的态度和情感。

　　常用的提问方式有：

　　1） By using the expression “……”， the author implies that…。

　　2） From the passage we know that the author ——。

　　3） How does the author fee1 about？

　　4） It can be seen from the passage that the author regards with ——。

　　5） The author of the passage seems to be…

　　6） The author seems to be in favor of the idea of…

　　7） The author‘s attitude towards…… might be best summarized as—’

　　8） The author‘s purpose of writing this article is…

　　9） What does the writer think of …… ？

　　10） What‘s the author’s opinion （attitude）？

　　11） What‘s the tone of the passage？

　　12） Which of the fo1lowing the author is most likely to agree with？

　　例如：

　　Around the world more and more people are taking part in dangerous sports and activities. Of course， there have always been people who have looked for adventure —— those who have climbed the highest mountains， explored unknown parts of the world or sailed in small boats across the greatest oceans. Now， however， there are people who seek an immediate excitement from a risky activity which may on1y last a few minutes or even seconds.

　　I would consider bungee jumping to be a good example of such an activity. You jump from a high place （perhaps a bridge or a hot-air balloon） 200 meters above the ground with an e1astic rope tied to your ankles. You fall at up to 150 kilometers an hour until the rope stops you from hitting the ground. It is estimated that two million people around the world have now tried bungee jumping. Other activities which most people would say are as risky as bungee jumping involve jumping from tall buildings and diving into the sea from the top of high cliffs.

　　Why do people take part in such activities as these？ Some psychologists suggest that it is because life in modern societies has become safe and boring. Not very long ago， people‘s lives were constantly under threat. They had to go out and hunt for food， diseases could not easi1y be cured， and life was a continuous battle for survival.

　　Nowadays， according to many people， life offers little excitement. They live and work in comparatively safe environment； they buy food in shops； and there are doctors and hospitals to look after them if they become ill. The answer for some of these people is to seek danger in activities such as bungee jumping.

　　Question： The writer of the passage has a（n） ______ attitude towards dangerous sports.

　　A. positive B. negative

　　C. objective D. subjective

　　解答：选C.

　　本题要求考生对作者的态度作出判断。作者对危险的体育运动持积极态度（A）还

　　是消极态度（B），持客观的态度（C）还是主观的态度（D）？纵观全文，不难看出作者的态度较为客观。所以C为正确答案。

　　二、单项选择

　　考核学生对词语在上下文中的确切含义的理解。考生根据该词语在文中含义从所提供的解释中勾出正确答案。

　　词汇题的提问方式主要有：

　　1） By “……”， the author means…

　　2） In 1ine……， the word “……” could best be replaced by…

　　3） In line……， the word “……，‘ most probably means

　　4） In line……， the word “this （that， these， those， it， them）” stands for… -

　　5） The ita1icized word in line…… means…

　　6） The word （phrase） “……” is closest to…

　　7） The word （phrase） “……” probably means…

　　8） What is the possible meaning of the word“……” in line… ？

　　9） Which is the probable definition of the word ‘……’？

　　10） Which of the following is nearest （closest） in meaning to ‘……’？

　　例如：

　　The wor1d‘s population continues to grow. There now are about 4 bi1lion of us on earth. That could reach 6 billion by the end of the century and 11 billion in another 75 years. Experts long have been concerned about such growth. Where will we find the food， water， jobs， houses， schools and health care for all these people？

　　A major new study shows that the situation may be changing. A large and rapid drop in the world‘s birth rate has taken place during the past 10 years. Families generally are smal1er now than they were a few years ago. It is happening in both developing and industrial nations.

　　Researchers said they found a number of reasons for this. More men and women are waiting longer to get married and are using birth contro1 devices and methods to prevent or delay pregnancy. More women are going to school or working at jobs away form their homes instead of having children. And more governments， especially in developing nations， now support family planning programs to reduce population growth.

　　China is one of the nations that has made great progress in reducing its population growth. China has already cut its rate of population growth by about one half since 1970. China now urges each fami1y to have no more than one child. And it hopes to reach zero population growth， the number of births equaling the number of deaths， by the year 2000.

　　Several nations in Europe already have fewer births than deaths. Experts said that these nations cou1d face a serious shortage of workers in the future. And the persons who are working could face much higher taxes to help support the growing number of retired people.

　　Question： “Fami1y p1anning programs” means _______________.

　　A. birth control policy in a country

　　B. economic policy in a family

　　C. TV programs designed for a family

　　D. economic policy in a country

　　解答：选A.

　　本题问“计划生育”的含义是什么。第三段更后一句指出：‘more governments especially in developing nations，now support family planning programs to reduce population growth’，因此计划生育是减少人口增长的手段，A为正确选项。