第十八章 The economy of U.S.

　　一、单选

　　1.The United States has less than _____of the world's population.Yet it produces about _____0f the total world output.

　　A. 6% 25% B.7% 25% C.6% 23% D.7% 23%

　　2.The privately owned and operated business ， including farms ，produce about ____of the total output of goods and services.

　　A. 82% B.80% C. 85% D.83%

　　3. After a period of prosperity ， government involvement in the economy increased during _____.

　　A. the Great Depression B. World War Ⅰ C. World War Ⅱ D. the Cold War

　　4.Currently U.S. exports are about ____of the world's total ， imports about ____of all world imports.

　　A. 25% 23% B.13% 15% C. 15% 13% D.23% 25%

　　5._____is the largest single source of goods imported by the U.S.， accounting for nearly 30% of the total.

　　A. Britain B. Canada C. Australia D.Japan

　　答案：

　　一、选择

　　A C A C B

　　二、名词解释

　　1、 New monetarist policies ——Such policies sought to fight inflation by increase supply and reducing demand.On the one hand ， taxes were cut to increase economic dynamism. On the other hand ，interest rates were raised to reduce the supply of money.

　　三、简答

　　1、What problems does the American economy have today？

　　Unemployment， inflation ， financial deficit ，and trade deficit are the troubles that always face the United States.

　　2、The factors that contributed to the fast growth of the American economy ？

　　First， the geographical location of the United States provides very good conditions for the country to grow and become strong. Second， the United States has been blessed by being a land rich in mineral resources and fertile farm soil ， together with a moderate climate. Third， America has been fortunate in having enough people to provide the labour necessary for a constantly expanding economy. Fourth， factor is the quality of available labour .

　　3、The characteristics of the economic system of the United States ？

　　（1）a free market economy with a dominant private sector

　　（2）flexible government involvement

　　（3）a high degree of monopoly.

　　4、what are the three giants in the automobile industry of U.S. ？

　　They are General Motors ，Ford and Chrysler.

　　第十九章

　　1.Article 1 of the Constitution grangts all legislative power of the federal gowernment to a Congress composed of two chambers，they are ______and ________.

　　A.a Senate ，a House of Representatives B.Democrats ，Republicans

　　C.the Executive ，the Judicial Brach D.the Judicial Brach ，the Supreme court

　　2.The supreme court has original jurisdiction in __________.

　　A.all kinds of cases B.two kinds of cases C.cases involving foreign citizens D.cases involving a state

　　3. The Chief Justice of the Supreme Curt _______

　　A.has much greater power than other justices B.has no greater voting power than other justices lf the Supreme Court D.has greater voting power than other justices lf the Supreme Court

　　4.There have been_________periods in the development lf American political parties in the United States.

　　A.four B.three C.five D. two

　　5.The Federalists advocated_________.

　　A.a strong federal governments B.strong state government C.the adoption of Bill of Rights

　　D. limits on the federal government

　　6.The Democratic Party led by Andrew Jackson represented the interests of_______.

　　A.northern industrialists B.southern slave owners C.frontiersmen D.Both B and C

　　7.Abraham Lincoln was elected President as candidate of_______

　　A.the Democratic Party B.the Republican Party C.the Whig Party D.None of the above

　　8.The two major parties today have ________difference in policy orientation.

　　A.no B.little C.some D.great

　　9.The writers of the Constitution worked out the checks and balances in order to_____.

　　A.prevent the government from misusing its power B.prevent the

　　government from being strong C.pacify those who opposed the Constitution D.meet the demands of small states .

　　10.The House Speaker and the temporary President of the Senate are usually _____.

　　A.elected by the majority party B.chosen from the majority and minority parties

　　C.members of the majority party D.chosen freely from the Congressmen and Senators

　　名词解释：

　　1.separation of powers

　　2.checks and balances

　　3.the federal system

　　4.patronage

　　5.two——party system

　　简答：

　　1. What are the three branches of the government？

　　2. According to the Constitution， what judicial power does the President have？

　　3. What are the fuctions of the Congress？

　　4. What is the composition of the federal court system？

　　5. What is the characteristics lf the two major parties？

　　答案：

　　一、选择

　　1A　2B　3B　4A　5A　6D　7B　8C　9A　10C

　　二、名词解释

　　1.It refers to the principle that the national government is split into three branches： legislative， executive and judicial. in the legislative branch， power is split further into two houses.

　　2. This is a major principle of the American governmental system by which each branch of the government exercises a check on the actions of the others. if one branch abuses its powers， the others can check it. Separation of powers and checks and balances limit government's power by pitting power against power. For example， the president checks Congress by holding veto power. Congress has the purse strings， and the Senate approves presidential appointments.

　　3. It is a system of government in which power is divided by a written constitution between a central government and regional， or sub divisional governments .Each level must have some domain in which its policies are dominant and some genuine political or constitutional guarantee of its authority.

　　4. Patronage means rewarding faithful party workers and followers with government employment and contracts. Some would appoint their supporters to administrative jobs which is called political appointment. 5the party system means that the two major political parties——now the Democrats and the Republicans——compete with each other to dominate politics at the federal， state， and local levels.

　　简答：

　　1.they are the legislative， the executive and the judicial.

　　2.he has the power to give reprieves and pardons in federal criminal cases.

　　3.the most central function of the congress is the passage of law. legislation can be introduced in either chamber but revenue bills must first come from the house of representatives. The senate has the function of confirming presidential appointments and ratification of treaties. The congress also has non-legislative functions. one is the function of investigation in the form of congressional hearings. this is a tool available to members of the congress to inform the citizens and arouse public interests in national issues. the other is to compel unwilling witnesses to testify ，he will be charged with contempt of congress； if he gives false testimony， he will be charged with perjury.

　　4. The federal court system consists of a supreme court，11 courts of appeals，91district courts（including one for the district lf Columbia and one for puerto rico）and three courts of special jurisdiction.

　　5. One is to confirm presidential appointments and the other is to ratify treaties by a two-thirds vote.

　　第二十二章，加拿大

　　一、选择

　　1，canada is located in

　　A the southern hemisphere B the northern hemisphere

　　C the western hemisphere D the eastern hemisphere

　　2 Canada's largest city is

　　A Montréal B Toronto C Ottawa D Vancouver

　　3 the longerst river in canada is

　　A the mackenzie B the st. Lawrence C the severn D the yukon

　　4 canada is bounded on the east by

　　A the pacific ocean B the atlantic ocean C the indian ocean D the arctic ocean

　　5 who was the first european to discover canada

　　A john cabot B facques cartier C samuel de champlain D henry hudson

　　6 who founded the first permanent settlements at quebec and montreal on the st.lawrence river？

　　A john cabot B facques cartier C samuel de champlain D henry hudson

　　7.when was canada divided into upper canada and lower canada

　　A in 1763 B in 1774 C in 1791 D in 1840

　　8 when was canada given internal self-government？

　　A in 1791 B in 1840 C in 1848 D in 1867

　　9 in 1949____became canada'tenth province

　　A newfoundland B prince edward island C labrador D britain columbia

　　10 in 1905 two more provinces were created ，they were

　　A ontario and quebec B manitoba and british columbia

　　C Alberta and Saskatchewan D Newfoundland and prince Edward island

　　11 who was the frist prime minister of the nes Canada？

　　A sir john MacDonald B sir Wilfred Laurie C robert borden D mackenzie king

　　12 in 1896___took over and the country was ruled under sir wilfrid laurier.

　　A the conservative party B the liberal party C the labor party D the new democratic party

　　答案 1.B 2 B 3 A 4 B 5 A 6 C 7 C 8 C 9 A 10 C 11 A 12 B

　　二、简答

　　1 canada is located in the western hemisphere

　　2 superior and huron

　　3 samuel de champlain

　　4 canada is the world's second largest country

　　5 by the statute of westminster in 1931

　　三、名解

　　1.the seven years'war ended with the signing of the treaty of paris in

　　1763.by the treaty of paris ，new france with its 65000 settlers was ceded to

　　britain. The french colony on the st.lawrence was regrganized as the british

　　province of quebec

　　2.Henry Hudson was an english explorer ，in 1610，he reached greenland and

　　discovered the huge bay in the centre of canada.the bay was named after him

　　3.samuel de champlain was a french explorer，in 1608 he founded the first

　　permanent settlement at quebec and montreal on the st.lawrence

　　river.heunderstood that a monoploy of the inland fur trade could be

　　better protected

　　there ，where the river narrowed ，rather than at sites on the open coast of

　　acadia.consequently.french colonization began to focus on the st.alwrencevalley