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自考“英语(二)”完整讲义(124)

2007年09月11日    来源:   字体:   打印
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  3.of…importance 有…重要性

  4.in the strict sense 在严格的意义上

  They are not immigrants, at least not in the strict sense. 从严格意义上来说他们不是移民。

  5.of…interest 有…兴趣

  6.to coincide with 相符,一致

  7.attitude towards 对…的态度;意见

  What is your attitude to/towards this idea? 你对这个想法的态度如何?

  8.at a guess 凭猜测

  9.to go in for 参加,从事;以…为兴趣,爱好

  compel devide get rid of

  What sports do you go in for? 你喜欢什么运动?

  He goes in for pop music. 他喜欢流行音乐。

  The boy goes in for stamp collecting. 这个男孩喜欢集邮。

  10.to get one's teeth into 死死咬住,紧紧抓住;认真对待

  Work, Labor, and Play

  So far as I know, Miss Hannah Arendt was the first person to define the essential difference between work and labor. To be happy, a man must feel, firstly, free and, secondly, important. He cannot be really happy if he is compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing, or if what he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance.(1)In a society where slavery in the strict sense has been abolished, the sign that what a man does is of social value is that he is paid money to do it, but a laborer today can rightly be called a wage slave.(2)A man is a laborer if the job society offers him is of no interest to himself but he is compelled to take it by the necessity of earning a living and supporting his family.(3)

  1.本句中,as of no value or importance 在if 从句中作主语补足语, as 在这里是介词,解释为“作为…”“be ignored by society as …”被社会作为毫无价值或无关紧要的东西而忽视。

  句中有两个what 引导的从句,第一个是宾语从句作do 的宾语,第二个是主语从句,谓语是is ignored.

  if后面跟了主语从句

  译文:如果社会强迫他去做自己不乐意做的事;或者社会无视他自己喜欢做的事,将其当作没有价值或无关紧要的,他就不可能真正快乐。

  2.句子的基本部分是:In a society… the sign… is that he is paid money to do it, but …;where slavery …abolished 是定语从句修饰society;that what a man does is of social value 是the sign的同位语从句,其中又套有一个主语从句what a man does;that he is paid money to do it是表语从句;but 引导的是一个并列句。

  译文:在一个严格意义上讲已经废除奴隶制的社会里,一个人所做的事具有社会价值的标志就是他为此得到了报酬,但实际上我们可以把今天的劳作者称为薪水奴隶。

  3.本句中society offers him 是省去了连接词that 的定语从句,

  修饰the job;by the necessity of doing sth.由于干某事的必要性。

  译文:“如果一个人对社会给予的工作毫无兴趣,只是为了生计和养家糊口而被迫接受这份工作,那他就是一名劳作者。

  The antithesis to labor is play. When we play a game, we enjoy what we are doing, otherwise we should not play it, but it is a purely private activity; society could not care less whether we play it or not.

  could not careless=as little as possible

  you can't be more careless.你太不细心了

  Between labor and play stands work.(4)A man is a worker if he is personally interested in the job which society pays him to do; what from the point of view of society is necessary labor is from his own point of view voluntary play. (5)Whether a job is to be classified as labor or work depends, not on the job itself, but on the tastes of the individual who undertakes it. (6)The difference does not, for example, coincide with the difference between a manual and a mental job; a gardener or a cobbler may be a worker, a bank clerk a laborer. Which a man is can be seen from his attitude toward leisure. To a worker, leisure means simply the hours he needs to relax and rest in order to work efficiently. He is therefore more likely to take too little leisure than too much;(7) workers die of coronaries and forget their wives' birthdays. To the laborer, on the other hand, leisure means freedom from compulsion, so that it is natural for him to imagine that the fewer hours he has to spend laboring, and the more hours he is free to play, the better.(8)

  4.Between labor and play stands work. 介于劳作和娱乐之间的是工作。

  这是一个全部倒装句,因为前两段分别介绍了labor 和 play ,下一段将介绍 work, 所以将labor and play 提前,起到承上启下的修饰效果。

  5.what 引导的是主语从句,两个from the point of view 皆为状语。谓语动词是第二个is .表语是voluntary.

  本句意思:“从社会观点来看是必要的劳动,从他个人观点来看则成了自愿娱乐。”

  6.Whether a job is to be classified as labor or work 是主语从句,注意其中谓语is to be 表示“应该”。depends, not on … but on … “不取决于…而取决于…”

  译为:一件工作被归类为劳作还是工作,不取决于工作本身,而取决于从事这项工作的人的兴趣。

  his vocation

  coincides with

  his avocation

  to a worker

  to the laborer

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