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自考“英语(一)”笔记(17)

2007年04月06日    来源:   字体:   打印
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  7. Chunking consists of grouping separate bits of information.

  在第一单元的Text B中我们已经对consist of有所了解。这一词组的意思是“由…组成”,它与be made up of;be composed of 的意思相近,但consist of 不用被动语态。请看例句:

  1) The United States consists of 50 states.(美国由50个州组成。)

  2) The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

  (英国由大不立颠和北爱尔兰组成。)

  3) Their team is made up of 6 team members.(他们队由6名队员组成。)

  4) Our class is made up of 45 students.(我们班由45名同学组成。)

  a bit在句中的意思是“一点,一些”,它可以用在形容词的前面, 但是不能用在名词的前面。在名词前面必须用a bit of.请看下面的例句:

  1) I am a bit tired today.(我今天有点累。)

  2) He said he was bit hungry.(他说他有点饿。)

  3) Your article is a bit long for our paper. (你的文章对我们的报纸来说有点长了。)

  4) He gave the bird a bit of water. (他给了鸟儿一点水。)

  5) I would appreciate it if you could give me a bit of good advice.

  (如果你能给我一点宝贵建议我会很感激的。)

  6) I only know a bit of Spanish. (我只懂一点点西班牙语。)

  8. Categorizing is another means of organization.

  句中的means是一个名词,意思是“方式;手段”,它不是动词mean的第三人称单数。请看下面的例句:

  1) The quickest means of travel is by plane. (更快的旅行方式是乘飞机。)

  2) Bicycle is the most convenient means of transport. (自行车是更方便的交通工具。)

  3) Email is a modern means of communication. (电子邮件是一种现代通讯方式。)

  4) He means what he says. (他说话算数。)

  5) Forgetting the past means betrayal. (忘记过去就意味着背叛。)

  9. Many people will group them into similar categories and remember them as follows:

  group into在句中的意思是“把…分组;把…归类”。请看例句:

  1) We can group the animals into several types. (我们可以把这些动物归成几类。)

  2) Group the words into similar categories and they will be more easily to remember.

  (把类型相似的单词归类,记起来就更容易了。)

  as follows 的意思是“如下”,请看例句:

  1) The full text reads as follows: (全文如下:)

  2) The results are as follows: (结果如下:)

  10. Association refers to taking the material we want to remember and relating it tosomething we remember accurately.

  refer to这一词组的意思很多,我们在单词部分已做过讲解。该词组在本句中的意思是“涉及;指”。请看下面的句子:

  1) In the second chapter I will refer to this point again.(在第二章中,我还会提到这一点的。)

  2) The numbers in my article refer to the footnotes.(我文章中的数目字指的是注脚。)

  3) The author referred to his grandfather several times in his story.

  (作者在他的故事中几次提到他的祖父。)

  we want to remember 和we remember accurately都是省略了that的定语从句,前者修饰material,后者修饰something.请看例句:

  1) The book you gave me is very interesting.(你给我的那本书很有趣。)

  2) The news he told me disturbed all of us greatly.(他告诉我的那个消息使我们大家深感不安。)

  3) The information you gathered is of great help to me.(你收集的那些信息对我很有帮助。)

  句子中的it指的是the material.relate…to 在句子中的意思是“与…有关系”,请看例句:

  1) His talk mainly related to environmental protection.(他的讲话主要是关于环境保护的。)

  2) This regulation relates only to children under 12.(这一规则仅适用于12岁以下儿童。)

  11. Research has shown striking improvements in many types of memory tasks when people are asked to visualize the items to be remembered.

  striking在句子中做形容词用,意思是“显著的,引人注目的”,请看例句:

  1) They made a striking commercial success within 5 years.

  (在5年的时间里,他们在商业上取得了惊人的成功。)

  2) Helen's facial features bore a striking resemblance to her mother's.

  (海伦的面部特征与她的母亲十分相像。)

  3) I am not sure whether he can make it this time. I just feel he has a striking lack of confidence.

  (我不能确定他这次能否成功,其只是觉得他明显信心不足。)

  to be remembered不定式的被动形式做定语,修饰the items.请看例句:

  1) There are a lot of things to be done.(有很多事要做。)

  2) Are you going to the press conference to be held this weekend?

  (你准备参加本周末举行的记者招待会吗?)

  3) This was the first project to be designed John's brother. (这是约翰的哥哥设计的第一个工程。)

  12. In one study, subjects in one group were asked to learn some words using imagery, while the second group used repetition to learn the words.

  subject在本句中做名词用,意思是“受试者,实验对象”。Subject这个词的词义很多,请看例句,注意subject的词义:

  1) The subject of today's discussion is “Population and Education”。(今天讨论的题目是“人口与教育”。)

  2) The teacher explained in details the subject of the story to the whole class.

  (老师把故事的主题详细讲给全班同学听。)

  3) How many subjects are you taking this semester?(这学期你选几门课?)

  4) He became the subject for ridicule.(他成了人们取笑的对象。)

  5) Rabbits and mice are often subjects for medical experiments.(兔和鼠常被用作医学实验的对象。)

  6) He is a Chinese subject.(他是中国国民。)

  7) This sentence doesn't have a subject.(这个句子没有主语。)

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