Unit25（第74讲—第76讲）

　　本课主要语言点

　　1. American men don't cry because it is considered not characteristic of men to do so.

　　动词consider的用法如下：

　　① Consider ＋宾语＋宾补

　　They considered the attack a mistake. （他们认为这次进攻是错误。）

　　② Consider ＋宾语＋动词不定式

　　They considered themselves to be very lucking.（他们认为自己很幸运。）

　　③ Consider ＋宾语＋ as

　　They don't consider it as important.（他们认为那个不重要。）

　　④ Consider ＋宾语＋形容词

　　They consider it wise not to criticize him.（他们认为不批评他是明智的。）

　　⑤ Consider ＋宾语

　　He had no time to consider the matter.（他没有时间考虑这个事情。）

　　⑥ Consider ＋V-ing

　　He is considering changing his job.（他在考虑换一份工作。）

　　“be considered not characteristic of ……，” consider 在此处的用法当归于④。be characteristic of 意思是 be typical of.如：

　　1）Carelessness and impatience are characteristic of him.（粗心、无耐心是他的特点。）

　　2）Long winter and short spring are characteristic of the climate here.（冬天漫长，春天短暂是这儿的气候特点。）

　　3）Crying is not the characteristic of man.（哭泣不是男子汉的特征。）

　　2. … no American male wants to be identified with anything in the least weak or feminine.

　　be identified with意思是 be closely involved or associated with.如：

　　1） Of the 34 candidates nearly a third were identified with big financial groups.

　　（在34名候选人当中，近三分之一的人与大财团有紧密联系。）

　　2） He is closely identified with the former president.（他与前总统关系密切。）

　　in the least 用来强调否定，意思是“丝毫，一点儿。”如：

　　1）I don't mind in the least.（我一点也不在意。）

　　2）She was not in the least Jealous.（她丝毫不嫉妒。）

　　3. In a land so devoted to the pursuit of happiness as ours， crying really is rather un-American.

　　本句中的devoted是个形容词，to是介词，通常用be devoted to .devote用作动词，则可用devote………to

　　1） The students are devoted to their studies.（学生们专心学习。）

　　2） He is devoted to the cause of peace.（他致力于和平事业。）

　　3） They have devoted all their time to helping the poor.（他们把所有的时间都用在帮助穷人上。）

　　4） She devoted herself to her pupil.（她把全部身心倾注在学生身上。）

　　the pursuit of 意思是“对…追求（追捕）”。 in the pursuit of 是常用介词短语。

　　1） They are in pursuit of the escaped criminal.（他们在追捕逃犯。）

　　2） The album is produced in the pursuit of ellcellence.（这个专辑在制作过程中力求完美。）

　　land 在句中的意思是“country国家”。如：

　　1） He used to work in a distant land.（他曾在一个遥远的国度工作。）

　　2） He returned to his native land many years later.（许多年后，他回到了祖国。）

　　ours 在句中指our land

　　4. Women being the “weaker” and “dependent” sex， it is only natural that they should cry in certain emotional situations.

　　women being the “weaker” and “dependent” sex是名词＋V-ing的独立结构，表示原因。这句话的意思是because women are the “weaker” and “dependent” sex.

　　请看下面的例句，注意掌握名词＋V-ing表示原因的独立结构。

　　1） So many members being absent， the meeting had to be put off.（因为很多人不在场，会议只好延期。）

　　2） The question being so difficult， we must take time to consider it carefully.

　　（因为这个问题很困难，我们得花时间仔细考虑。）

　　3） The weather being terrible， they had to change their plan.（天气很糟糕，他们不得不改变计划。）

　　5. …crying is a mark of weakness

　　mark 在句中作名词用，意思是“标示，特征”，如：

　　1） He gave her a gift as a mark of gratitude.（他送给她一份礼物以表谢意。）

　　2） They removed their hats as a mark of respect.（他们脱帽以表敬意。）

　　3） These buildings display the mark of early Greek influence.（这些建筑表现出受早期希腊影响的特征。）

　　mark还有许多其它意思，如：

　　1） He got 70 marks out of 100.（他得了100分中的70分。）

　　2） There are a lot of ink marks on the wall.（墙上有许多墨水渍。）

　　3） He made a few marks with his pen.（他用笔做了几个记号。）

　　4） Be careful not to mark the table.（小心别在桌上留下痕迹。）

　　5） Mark all the big cities on the map.（在地图上把所有大的城市标出来。）

　　6. So goes the American belief with regard to crying.

　　so在句中用作副词，表示前面所说的（哭是软弱的标志）也适用于此。so在句首，句子倒装。

　　1） －He looks very hot and dry.（他看上去又热又干。）

　　－so would you if you had a high fever.（如果你发高烧，你也如此。）

　　2） His shoes are brightly polished， so is his briefcase.（他的鞋擦得很亮，他的公文包也是这样。）

　　with regard to也可用in regard to，意思是“regarding， be concerned with”（至于，就…而文论）。如：

　　This plant is not at all demanding with regard to water， soil and climate.（这种植物对水土气候一点不苛求。）

　　7. “A little man，” we impress on our male children， never cries动词impress用法如下：

　　① impress sb. with sth.（给某人留下…印象）

　　I hope I can impress my new boss with my diligence.（我希望我的勤勉能给新老板留下印象。）

　　② impress sth on sb.（给某人留下…印象；使某人理解…的重要）

　　She impressed on the Government the serious effect of high unemployment.（她使政府意识到高失业率的严重影响。）

　　课文中的这个句子的意思是we impress “A little man never cries” on the mind of our male children.（我们让男孩铭记“小男子汉决不哭泣。”）

　　8. And so we condition males in America not to cry whenever they feel like doing so.

　　本句中的第一个so用作副词，意思是“因此，所以”如：

　　1） She is the only person I know in the city，so I went to her for help（在这座城市里，她是我唯一的熟人，所以我将去求她帮忙。）

　　2） He speaks very little Chinese， so I talked to him in English.（他不太会讲中文，所以我用英文跟他交谈。）

　　句中的第二个用作代词，代替前文的词语或意思，本句中代指cry（哭）。

　　1） If you say so， I'll have to believe it.（如果你这样说，我只有相信了。）

　　2） Is it raining？（在下雨吗？）

　　I'm afraid so.（恐怕是的。）

　　condition在本句中用作动词，意思是“（训练，使适应）”，如：

　　1） They conditioned her not to flare up over trifles.（他们使她养成不为小事发脾气的习惯。）

　　2） They are conditioning the horse for a race.（他们在训练那匹马以参加比赛。）

　　feel的后面必须接名词或动名词。如：

　　1） I feel like singing.（我想唱歌。）

　　He feels like having a talk with her.（他想与她谈一谈。）

　　9. It is not that American males are unable to cry because of some biological clock within them which cause them to run down in that capacity as they grow alder， but that they are trained not to cry.

　　本句中的（It is ）not that…but that…。 是英语中的常用结构，意思是“不是因为…而是因为…”。如：

　　1） It is not that I am not interested in it， but that I am fully occupied.（不是因为我对这个没兴趣，而是因为我太忙了。）

　　2） It is not that I have no trust in him， but that I have to keep the promise of secrecy.（不是因为我不信任他，而是因为我得信守保密的诺言。）

　　cause sb. to do sth.意思是“使某人做某事”。如：

　　1） Careless caused him to fail the exam. （粗心致使他考试不及格。）

　　2） What caused him to change his mind？ （是什么使他改变主意？）

　　run down 意思是“reduce；exhaust” （降低；耗尽）。如：

　　1） The battery is run down. （电池的电用完了。）

　　2） The factory is running down its production. （工厂在紧缩生产。）

　　10. Thus do we produce a trained incapacity in the American male to cry.

　　本句可以理解为：

　　Therefore， we make the American males have a trained ability not to cry.（于是我们使得美国男人具有了不会哭的能力。）

　　thus放在句首时，句子、可倒装，也可不用倒装。

　　11. … to restore the emotionally disequilibrated person to a state of equilibrium.

　　restore sb. to a state of …（使某人恢复…状态），如：

　　1） The doctor restored the old man to a state of health. （医生使那位老人恢复了健康。）

　　2） It is difficult to restore the country to a state of stability. （ 要使那个国家恢复稳定是件困难的事。）

　　12. Crying serves a homeostatic function for the organism as a whole.

　　动词serve通常用在短语serve as中，意思是“起…作用”）

　　1）He served as an adviser to the company. （ 他任公司顾问。）

　　2）This sofa serves as a bed. （这张沙发当床用。）

　　serve the function也是“起…作用”的意思。

　　as a whole 意思是“作为一个整体，总的来说”。如：

　　The temperature for that country as a whole is high. （这个国家的气温总的来说是高的。）

　　13. The human species is the only one in the whole of animated nature that shed tears.

　　that shed tears 是定语从句，修饰one .当先行词的前面有only时，定语从句不可以用which引导，而必须用that引导。如：

　　1） He is the only person that I trust. （他是我唯一信任的人。）

　　2） This is the only game that I enjoy. （这是我唯一喜欢的比赛。

　　shed tears 意思是“流泪”，如：

　　1）The story made me shed tears. （那个故事使我流了泪。）

　　2）When a crocodile sheds tears， it doesn't mean it is sad. （ 鳄鱼流泪并不意味它伤心。）

　　14. And this， among other things， is what American parents -with the best intention in the world-have achieved for the American male.

　　本句中的this 代指上一句所讲的内容。

　　with the best intention 意思是“有着更美好的意愿”。

　　achieve sth. 意思是“取得成就”。如：

　　1） I achieved nothing. （我一无所成。）

　　2） He achieved his goal after many hardships. （ 经过很多艰难困苦后他实现了自己的目标。）

　　15. …and clear our minds of those cobwebs of confusion which have for so long prevented us from understanding the natural necessity of crying.

　　clear 在本句中作动词用，意思是“清除”。如：

　　Let me clear the furnace of ash. （让我把炉子里的灰清掉。）

　　prevent sb. from doing sth.意思是“妨碍（阻止）某人做某事”。如：

　　1） The traffic jam prevented me from getting home earlier. （交通阻塞使我无法早点到家。）

　　The heavy fog prevented the train from arriving on schedule. （大雪使火车无法准点到达。）

　　本课主要短语及表达

　　1. be characteristic of

　　2. identify with

　　3. in the least

　　4. disapprove of

　　5. devote to

　　6. （in） the pursuit of

　　7. a mark of

　　8. with regard to

　　9. impress sth. on sb

　　10. feel like doing sth.

　　11. run down

　　12. go on doing sth.

　　13. restore …to …

　　14. a state of

　　15. be known as

　　16. as a whole

　　17. shed tears

　　18. with the best intention

　　19. clear sth. of

　　20. prevent from

　　Text B    stop worrying now！

　　短语表达

　　1. deal with

　　He is really hard to deal with.

　　You may have to have extensive experiences to deal with issues like this.

　　2. choose to

　　After graduation from college， he chooses to take a poorly paid job instead.

　　If you choose to stay， I'm afraid you will also have to finish that writing first.

　　3. in the first place

　　You shouldn't take him on that trip in the first place.

　　There was this hidden error in the first place. How could you put all the blame on me？

　　4. label as

　　I can hardly believe that you could label it as toys.

　　His pitiful copy of my writing was labeled as the most creative in his class. What a joke！

　　5. can't help doing something

　　Despite repeated advice by my doctor， I simply can't help eating this fatty meat whenever there is a chance.

　　The boy could not help crying when he lost sight of his loving father.

　　6. hang on to sth

　　He hung on to his toy gun.

　　The little girl hung on to her mother's hand when they crossed the street.

　　7. risk doing sth

　　You will risk losing your job if you go on like this.

　　He risked being criticized when he was late for the meeting.

　　8. result in

　　The safety measures will result in the reduction of work accidents.

　　The game resulted in a tie.

　　9. use up

　　Since the energy on the earth can be used up one day， we will have to look for new energy sources right now.

　　Can you fetch me some paper？ I've used up all of them.

　　10. back down

　　I backed down carefully when I spotted a cobra on the island.

　　If they are not going to back down， we may have to find another way of compromise.