自考“英语语法”基础材料(19)
第十九节 省略句
为了避免重复,或因习惯及结构要求,句中可有一个或几个成分被省略。被省略的有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、状语,也可以是主语和谓语或谓语的一部分,这样的句子被称为省略句。
1.省略主语
Beg your pardon. 请再说一遍。
Doesn't matter. 没关系。
2.省略谓语或谓语部分
She was flying to England, and I to China. 她飞往英国,而我去中国。
3.省略宾语
She washed, and her husband ironed the shirts. 她洗衬衫,她丈夫熨。
4.省略主谓
What a pity (it is) you can not join us! 你不能加入我们这边,真是遗憾!
(It is) Good to see you again! 再见到你真高兴。
5.省略不定式
I meant to invite you, but forgot to (invite you)。 我原本想请你的,但后来忘了。
6.并列句中的省略
In 1991 the number of branches of that company increased from nine to fifteen, and in 1994, to thirty. 在1991年,该公司分店从9家增至15家,到1994年又增加到30家。
The scenery was beautiful, and the acting (was) good. 布景很漂亮,演技也好。
The doctor tried to save her life, but (he tried) in vain. 医生设法救她的命,但没有用。
7.在than或as引导的从句中的省略
We should think more of others than of ourselves. 我们应当多想别人,少想自己。
They stayed talking much longer than was strictly necessary. 他们谈了很久,严格来说用不着谈那么久。
Owing to the late arrival of your L/C, shipment cannot be effected as stipulated. 由于你方信用证延迟到达,货物不能按期装运。
8.在某些状语从句中,如谓语中有be,其主语和主句的主语一样,可作部分省略
When completed, the power station will have two 25,000 kw generators. 这座发电厂建成后将有两台两万五千千瓦的发电机。
He worked hard, though still poor in health. 他虽然身体不好,可是工作起来很卖力气。
If necessary, I'll have the contract duplicated. 如果有必要,我要请人把合同复制一下。
Fill the form where necessary. 在需要填的地方填表。
If possible, I should like to have two copies of the document. 可能的话,我希望有两份文件。