Unit 9

　　80. The nearer a society approximates to zero population growth，the older its population is likely to be—at least，for any future that concerns us now.

　　81. To these now familiar facts a number of further facts may be added，some of them only recently recognized.

　　82. There is the appreciation of the salient historical truth that the aging of advanced societies has been a sudden change.

　　83. Taken together，these things have implications which are only beginning to be acknowledged.

　　84. There is often resistance to the idea that it is because the birthrate fell earlier in Western and Northwestern Europe than elsewhere，… that we have grown so old.

　　85. Long life is altering our society，of course，but in experiential terms.

　　86. Your account of what happened approximates to the real facts.

　　87. His earnings are out of all proportion to his skill and ability.

　　Unit 10

　　88. A minor-party or independent candidate，… can draw votes away from the major-party nominees but stands almost no chance of defeating them.

　　89. In deciding whether to pursue a course of action，they try to estimate its likely impact on the voters.

　　90. The slogan was meant as a reminder to the candidate and the staff to keep the campaign focused on the nation's slow-moving economy.

　　91. Whether voters accept this image，however，depends more on external factors than on a candidate's personal characteristics.

　　92. As in 1980，when Jimmy Carter lost to Ronald Reagan during tough economic times，the voters were motivated largely by a desire for change.

　　93. Bush tried to stir images of his strong leadership of the war，but voters remained concerned about the economy.

　　94. The invention is going to cause a big stir in the world.

　　95. You should save up money to make provision for the future.

　　Unit 11

　　96. Animal research is irrelevant to our health and it can often produce misleading results.

　　97. It would be completely irresponsible and unethical to use drugs on people that had not been thoroughly tested on animals.

　　98. One experiment in nerve regeneration involves cutting a big nerve in a rat's leg，leaving its leg paralysed.

　　99. Even with these new developments in research，only a tiny proportion of all tests are done without using animals at some stage.

　　100.The use of animals in experiments cannot stop immediately if medical research is to continue and consumer products are to be properly tested.

　　101. When it comes to research into heart disease and its effects on the body，we do not have adequate substitutes for the use of animals.

　　102. I was surprised to see his room in such a litter.

　　103. The conditions that existed ten years ago are reproduced today.

　　Unit 12

　　104. Until recently daydreaming was generally considered either a waste of time or a symptom of neurotic tendencies.

　　105. At its best，daydreaming was considered a compensatory substitute for the real things in life.

　　106. As with anything carried to excess，daydreaming can be harmful.

　　107. There is a growing body of evidence to support the fact that most people suffer from a lack of daydreaming rather than an excess of it.

　　108. Daydreaming significantly contributes to intellectual growth，power of concentration，and the ability to interact and communicate with others.

　　109. Daydreaming resulted in improved self-control and enhanced creative thinking ability.

　　110. Contrary to popular belief，constant and conscious effort at solving a problem is，in reality，one of the most inefficient ways of coping with it.

　　111. Whenever confronted with a task which seemed too hard to be dealt with，he would stretch out on his laboratory sofa and let fantasies flood his mind.

　　112. The important thing to remember is to picture these desired objectives as if you had already attained them.

　　113. Daydreaming is highly beneficial to your physical and mental well-being.

　　114. Escape being impossible，the rabbit turned to confront the dog.

　　115. The difficulties that confront us cannot be overcome.

　　Unit 13

　　116. He cannot be really happy if he is compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing，or if what he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance.

　　117. In a society where slavery in the strict sense has been abolished，the sign that what a man does is of social value is that he is paid money to do it.

　　118. What from the point of view of society is necessary labor is from his own point of view voluntary play.

　　119. Whether a job is to be classified as labor or work depends，not on the job itself，but on the tastes of the individual who undertakes it.

　　120. It is already possible to imagine a society in which the majority of the population，that is to say，its laborers，will have almost as much leisure as in earlier times was enjoyed by the aristocracy.

　　121. The masses are more likely to replace an unchanging ritual by fashion which it will be in the economic interest of certain people to change as often as possible.

　　122. Workers seldom commit acts of violence，because they can put their aggression into their work，be it physical like the work of a smith，or mental like the work of a scientist or an artist.

　　123. They were often compelled to work twelve or fourteen hours a day.

　　124. The police undertook detailed and comprehensive investigations into the case.