自考“英语语法”基础材料(17)
第十七节 独立结构
独立结构通常由名词(或代词)+分词,名词(或代词)+形容词,名词(或代词)+不定式,名词(或代词)+介词短语以及名词(或代词)+副词构成。独立结构主要用在书面语中,在日常口语中较为少见。
The girl ran quickly, her friend following. (名词+现在分词) 女孩跑得很快,她的朋友紧随其后。
She lay on her back, her hands crossed under her head. (名词+过去分词) 她面朝天枕着双手躺在那里。
She turned to him, her dark eyes brilliant and excited. 她转向他,黑黑的眼睛露出激动的神情。
He was silent for a moment, his lips tight. (名词+形容词) 他双唇紧闭,沉默了片刻。
They went to the beach, all of them to stay in a hotel. (名词+不定式) 他们去海边,所有人都住旅馆。
The soldiers marched down the road, their rifles on their shoulders. 战士们行进在大路上,肩上扛着枪。
Summer over, they returned to school. (名词+副词) 夏天过去,他们返校了。
Our work finished, we all went back home. (时间状语) 工作干完后,我们都回家了。
独立结构在句中作状语表示时间、原因、条件,伴随动作以及补充说明。
Time being short, we must be in a hurry. (原因状语) 时间不多,我们得赶快动身。
Weather permitting, we'll go for an outing tomorrow. (条件状语) 如果天气好的话,我们明天就去郊游。
Given enough time, water will dissolve almost any substance. (条件状语) 假如时间充分,水几乎可以溶解任何物质。
He sat in a comer, his eyes fixed on the stranger. (伴随动作) 他坐在角落里,目不转睛地盯着陌生人。
China has the biggest population in the world, most of the people living in the countryside. (补充说明) 中国是世界上人口更多的国家,大部分人住在农村。