Chapter 6 第六章

　　The Economy 英国经济

　　I. The Evolution of the British Economy since the War

　　The evolution of the British economy since WWII falls into three periods：

　　二战后英国经济发展可分为三个阶段：

　　（1） Steady development in the 50s and 60s： The British economy in this period is characterized by slow but steady growth， low unemployment and great material prosperity with rising standards of consumption.

　　（1）战后50-60年代平稳发展时期。其主要特点是经济缓慢而持续增长，失业率低，物质丰富，人民消费水平不断增长。

　　（2） Economic recession in the 70s： In the 1970s among the developed countries， Britain maintained the lowest growth rate and the highest inflation rate， and the high record of trade deficits.

　　（2）70年代经济滞胀。在70年代，英国在所有的发达资本主义国家中，始终保持更低经济增长率，更高的通货膨胀率，和更高的贸易赤字纪录。

　　（3） Economic recovery in the 80s： An outstanding feature of the economic recovery in the 80s was its length， lasting seven years. Another was the improved financial position of the government， with stronger current account of the balance of payments.

　　（3）80年代经济复苏。一个显著特点是时间长，复苏持续了7年。另一个特点是国际收支大大盈余，政府金融地位更高。

　　Measures taken by Mrs. Thatchers government to improve the economy

　　Mrs. Thatchers government took numerous measures to improve the efficiency of the economy during the past decade， using both macroeconomic and microeconomic policies.

　　撒切尔政府运用宏观经济政策和微观经济政策，采取许多措施提高经济效益。

　　（1） Macroeconomic measures were directed towards bringing down the rate of inflation and achieving price stability.

　　宏观经济政策直接针对降低通货膨胀率和维持物价稳定。

　　（2） Microeconomic policies were aimed at working with the grain of market forces by encouraging enterprise， efficiency and flexibility.

　　微观经济政策旨在通过鼓励实业，效率和灵活性共同努力提高市场竞争力。

　　Reasons for the British coal mining is called a “sick” industry today.