3.to take advantage of ： 利用

　　They took full advantage of the hotel‘s facilities. 他们充分利用旅馆的设备。

　　She took advantage of my generosity. 她利用了我的慷慨。

　　4.to act sth. out ： 用行动表现… ， 扮演 … 角色

　　The workers acted out their dissatisfaction with the management by going on a strike.工人们以罢工来表示他们对资方的不满。

　　Children‘s negative feelings often get acted out in bad behavior.孩子们的消极情绪往往通过不好的行为表现出来。

　　II.重点句子讲解

　　Self-esteem is what people think about themselves - whether or not they feel valued - and when family members have self-respect， pride， and belief in themselves， this high self-esteem makes it possible to cope with the everyday problems of growing up.（1）

　　1.Self-esteem is what people think about themselves - whether or not they feel valued - and when family members have self-respect， pride， and belief in themselves， this high self-esteem makes it possible to cope with the everyday problems of growing up.

　　该句的主干是由and连接的两个并列句。前一句，what引导表语从句，破折号之间的部分是对表语从句的解释。后一句，是一个复合句，when引导状语从句，主句中用了make it possible to do sth .的结构，it 为形式宾语，不定式短语是实际宾语。

　　这一段告诉我们什么是自尊心，“自尊心是人们对自己的看法 - 他们是否感到受重视-当家庭成员都拥有自尊自豪和自信时，这种高度的自尊心就能使他们应付成长中的日常问题。”

　　Successful parenting begins by communicating to children that they belong， and are loved for no other reason than just because they exist. （2）Through touch and tone of voice parents tell their infants whether or not they are valued， special， and loved and it is these messages that form the basis of the child‘s self-esteem. When children grow up with love and are made to feel lovable despite their mistakes and failures， they are able to interact with others in a responsible， honest， and loving way. A healthy self-esteem is a resource for coping when difficulties arise， making it easier to see a problem as temporary， manageable， and something from which the individual can emerge.（3）

　　2.Successful parenting begins by communicating to children that they belong， and are loved for no other reason than just because they exist.

　　此句参看教材229页注释1，no other … than“不是别的…，正是…”

　　communicate sth. to sb. 意为“使某人知道某物/某事”，由于sth.的部分是由that引导的名词性从句，因为过长，所以后置。

　　本句的意思是：“成功的育儿之道始于让孩子知道，他们属于这个家庭，他们受宠爱没有别的原因，就是因为他们自身的存在。”

　　3.A healthy self-esteem is a resource for coping when difficulties arise， making it easier to see a problem as temporary， manageable， and something from which the individual can emerge.

　　“resource” 的意思是：（解决困难或获得成功的）办法，手段

　　前面一句是主系表结构，而making之后的部分是现在分词短语作状语。

　　本句的意思是：“健康的自尊心是困难出现时解决困难的手段，它使人们比较容易把问题看成是暂时的，可以克服的，并且在解决问题中个人才可以崭露头角”

　　If ，however， children grow up without love and without feelings of self-worth， they feel unlovable and worthless and expect to be cheated， taken advantage of， and looked down upon by others.（4）Ultimately their actions invite this treatment， and their self-defeating behavior turns expectations into reality. They do not have the personal resources to handle everyday problems in a healthy way， and life may be viewed as just one crisis after another. Without a healthy self-esteem they may cope by acting out problems rather than talking them out or by withdrawing and remaining indifferent toward themselves and others.（5）These individuals grow up to live isolated. Lonely lives. Lacking the ability to give the love that they have never received.

　　4.If，however， children grow up without love and without feelings of self-worth， they feel unlovable and worthless and expect to be cheated， taken advantage of ， and looked down upon by others.

　　take advantage of 利用，运用； look down upon ： 看不起…； 轻视…；

　　注意三个不定式的被动态并列

　　本句的意思是：“然而，如果孩子成长过程中没有得到爱，没有感觉自我的价值，他们就会觉得自己不讨人喜欢，毫无用处，总预想自己会被别人欺骗，利用和看不起。”

　　5.Without a healthy self-esteem they may cope by acting out problems rather than talking them out or by withdrawing and remaining indifferent toward themselves and others.

　　rather than 而不是 并列两个动名词短语

　　本句的意思是：“没有健康的自尊心，他们处理问题时，不是把问题谈出来，而是用行动把问题表现出来，或是采取退缩和对自己和他人保持冷淡的态度。”

　　Self-esteem is a kind of energy， and when it is high， people feel like they can handle anything. It is what one feels when special things are happening or everything is going great. A word of praise， a smile， a good grade on a report card， or doing something that creates pride within oneself can create this energy. When feelings about the self have been threatened and self-esteem is low， everything becomes more of an effort. It is difficult to hear， see， or think clearly， and others seem rude， inconsiderate， and rough. The problem is not with others， it is with the self， but often it is not until energies are back to normal that the real problem is recognized.（6）