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自考“英语(一)”笔记(71)

2007年04月10日    来源:   字体:   打印
准考证

  16. rob v. 抢劫;非法剥夺

  1)He was robbed twice in the downtown area. (他在闹市区两次被抢。)

  2)A jewelry store was robbed last night. (昨晚一家珠宝店遭抢劫。)

  3)She was robbed of her purse on the bus. (在公共汽车上,她的钱包被抢。)

  4)The pain robbed him of sleep. (疼痛使他不能入睡。)

  5)The child was robbed of an opportunity to see his mother. (那孩子被剥夺了一次见母亲的机会。)

  17. fraud n. 欺骗;骗局

  1)He obtained the money by fraud. (他骗得了那笔钱。)

  2)His explanation was nothing but a fraud. (他的解释完全是骗人的鬼话。)

  3)What he did was a fraud on the customers. (他的所为是对顾客的一种欺骗行为。)

  18. swindle v. 诈骗    n. 诈骗行为

  1)He tried to swindle the insurance company. (他欺骗诈骗保险公司。)

  2)Some old people are easily swindled. (有些老人很容易受骗。)

  3)The boy swindled the old man out of his money. (那个男孩骗取了老先生的钱财。)

  4)The big bank swindle involved a lot of people. (许多人与这起诈骗银行的大案有牵连。)

  19. honesty n. 诚实;坦率

  在第十四单元中我们学过副词honestly.honest是个形容词。-y是名词后缀,加在动词或形容词后面可以构成名词。

  如:delivery, discovery, recovery, flattery, modesty, jealousy.

  如果我们在honest, honesty前面加上前缀dis-则可以构成反义词。

  1)His honesty wins him a lot of friends. (他的诚实赢得了许多朋友。)

  2)In all honesty I'm at my wit’s end. (说实话,我现在是智穷计尽。)

  3)He is honest to his friends (他对朋友很真诚。)

  4)Nobody wanted to have anything to do with this dishonest chap. (谁都不想与这个不诚实的家伙打交道。)

  5)His dishonesty gave his parents a shock. (他的不诚实令他的父母大为吃惊。)

  20. probably adv. 很可能,大概,或许

  probable adj. 有可能

  probability n. 可能性

  1)He will probably refuse your help. (他很可能会拒绝你的帮助。)

  2)Their team will probably win the game. (他们队或许会赢得这场比赛。)

  3)It's probable that they will come earlier. (他们可能会早点来。)

  4)Overloading was the probable cause of the accident. (超载是事故的可能起因。)

  5)There is no probability that he will succeed. (他不可能成功。)

  6)There is every probability that she will make a fuss over the matter. (她很可能对此事大惊小怪。)

  本课简介

  在本篇课文中作者告诉我们并不只是粗野之人才犯罪,生活中看似无大碍的事情往往有违法律。现实生活是复杂的,不可能像在电影中一样,简单地把人分为好人和坏人。如同疾病可以轻至感冒重至癌症一样,犯罪行为也是有程度的轻重的。人们会对某些违法行为持宽容态度,这也许是因为人们想借此来为自己的某些违法行为开脱。另外,报刊、电视上的暴力使得人们对犯罪司空见惯。在许多情况下,人们不忍去伤害一个具体的人,而对某个不甚具体的群体或个体加以伤害却并不在意。人们对于违法行为的种种错误认识必须得以纠正。严法酷刑、警方的严加防范也许都不能使人完全免于犯罪,变得诚实,每一个人都应从自己做起,使我们的社会成为一个文明的法制社会。

  本课语言点

  1. Who do you think breaks the law in our society?

  本句中do you think是个插入语,插入语用于问句中在英语中也是十分常见的,如:

  1) What performance do you think they will put on? (你认为他们会表演什么节目?)

  2) When do you suppose they will see us? (你认为他们什么时候会见我们?)

  3) Where do you suggest we should go during the holiday? (你建议我们假期去哪儿?)

  4) How long did he say he would spend on that book? (他说他要在那本书上花多长时间?)

  5) What do you suggest he should do to make up for the loss? (为了弥补损失,你建议他该做些什么?)

  2. Has anyone you know ever driven drunk?

  本句中的drunk是个过去分词,在句子中做状语,修饰谓语动词driven,说明动作发生的情况。这类用法也十分常见,如:

  1) He turned away disappointed. (他失望地走开了。)

  2) They went home exhausted. (他们回到家里已筋疲力尽了。)

  3) We joined in the discussion unprepared. (我们毫无准备地加入了讨论。)

  Ever是个常用词,在使用该词时,常有人犯各种错误。我们来看一下ever的主要用法。

  1)表示将来或过去的任何时间。用于否定句、疑问句、条件句中:

  Have you ever been to Paris? (你去过巴黎吗?)

  Nothing ever makes him happier. (从没有什么事会使他更开心。)

  If you are ever in China, please let me know. (如果你什么时候在中国,请让我知道。)

  2) 用于表示比较的从句中:

  It is raining harder than ever. (雨越下越大了。)

  This is the highest mountain I have ever climbed. (这是我所爬过的更高的山。)

  The last I ever met him was in Nanjing. (我更后一次遇见他是在南京。)

  3) 用于特殊疑问句中,表示“究竟”,“到底”,“用任何方式”等:

  How can I ever thank you? (我究竟怎样才能感谢你?)

  Who ever can it be? (那究竟会是谁呢?)

  Why ever did you say so? (你究竟为什么这样说?)

  4)表示“总是”;“不断地”;“永远”:

  He is ever ready to help others. (他总是乐于帮助他人。)

  The little boy is ever making the same mistakes. (那个小男孩总是犯同样的错误。)

  Everybody was amazed at her ever youthful face. (每一个人都为她永远年轻的容貌感到惊奇。)

  3. Won't some of your frends admit that they have stolen an item from a store?

  请注意本句中的动词admit的用法。admit做及物动词用时,表示“承认”,“确认”,“接纳”。Admit做不及物动词用时,表示“通往”;“承认”

  1) He admitted threatening Larry. (他承认恐吓了拉里。)

  2) The young man was admitted to Harvard. (那位年轻人被哈佛录取了。)

  3) This door admits to the backyard. (这扇门通向后院。)

  4) He admitted to having broken the vase. (他承认打碎了花瓶。)

  5) The shop assistant admitted that she had taken the money. (店员承认是她拿了钱。)

  4. in case you did not know, all of these acts are against the law.本句话的意思是“如果你以前不知道,所有这些行为都是违法的。”

  in case用于引导条件状语从句和目的状语从句,在从句中,动词可以用虚拟语气,形式为should+动词原形,也可以不用虚拟语气,而用动词的一般现在时或一般过去时,如:

  1) Please remind me of it in case I (should) forget. (万一我忘了,请提醒我。)

  2) You had better leave the key at home in case I (should) think of coming back.

  (你更好把钥匙留在家里以免我想回来。)

  5. In the same way that diseases range from the common cold to fatal forms of cancer, crimes vary in degree.

  本句中的range from和vary在前面的课文中都已出现过,再请看几个例句。

  1) The participants range in age from 14 to 65. (参加者的年龄从14岁到65岁不等。)

  2) The flavour of food varies from place to place. (食品的风味各地都不同。)

  Crimes vary in degree in the same way that…that引导的是一个同位语从句对way作进一步的说明。in the same way意思是“以同样的方式”。

  1)We would do it in the same way that you did last time. (我们将用你上次所用的同样方法来做这件事。)

  2)The teacher talked to the boy in the same way that his teacher had talked to him years ago.

  (那位老师用多年前他的老师与他交谈的方式同那个男孩谈话。)

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